China accelerates development of humanoid robots for military use

At the World Humanoid Robot Games in China last month, robots demonstrated a range of capabilities, including running faster than Usain Bolt over 100 meters. These events highlighted the rapid progress in humanoid robotics, with performances that captivated audiences and showcased the potential of these machines. The PLA Daily, the official newspaper of the People's Liberation Army, emphasized the importance of translating these technological advancements into practical military applications.

China's defense establishment is actively pursuing research into the military use of humanoid robots, with a focus on their eventual deployment in wartime scenarios. This effort has gained significant momentum in recent years, particularly in 2025 and 2026, as researchers work on improving robot perception, manipulation, and training data. The involvement of over 100 Chinese military and academic entities underscores the scale and seriousness of this initiative.

Chinese manufacturers have already captured a dominant share of the global humanoid robot market, accounting for about 95% of global shipments in 2025, according to BofA Global Research. This leadership position is expected to grow as China continues to invest in the development of advanced robotics. The PLA Daily has called for the acceleration of technology transfer from laboratories to military training grounds, signaling a clear intent to integrate these robots into operational use.

The deployment of humanoid robots in military contexts raises significant questions about cost, vendor lock-in, and governance. These machines could potentially reduce human exposure in high-risk environments, but their development and maintenance are likely to be expensive. Additionally, the reliance on a limited number of manufacturers could create vulnerabilities in supply chains. Market reactions will also be crucial in determining the pace and scope of adoption.

While the technology is still in its early stages, the Chinese military's interest in humanoid robots is clear. The PLA Daily's call to action and the involvement of over 100 entities suggest that this is not just a short-term experiment but a long-term strategic goal. As research continues and capabilities improve, the military applications of humanoid robots are expected to expand, with potential impacts on global defense strategies and technological competition.